Electric bicycles: varieties, brands, choices

The range of vehicles is regularly updated with new devices. Among the list of in-demand new products, it is worth highlighting electric bicycles, presented in a wide variety of types and models.

Today with the name "electric bike" in the assortment of devices for movement can be found any bike that has an electric motor in its design. In a foreign manner, such vehicles are called "e-bike". However, under these names, in fact, there is a structure that can move not only with the help of an electric motor, but also when muscular force is exerted on the mechanism, or with a combination of the above two efforts.

Based on its design features, an electric bike has practically no differences that distinguish it from conventional models that move in a standard way - by twisting the pedals. Among the main characteristics, only the electric wheel stands out, which takes on the entire load of the cyclist. Thus, the e-bike becomes similar to the popular scooters today. The bicycle's power source is a battery, which is recharged from a regular power supply network.

Usually, a high-quality battery with a full charge can allow the owner of an e-bike to cover a distance of 30–35 kilometers. The battery is a removable device, so you can use one or more batteries for the structure.This feature allows you to use city, cargo or mountain e-bikes over long distances. As for the battery power, today on sale there are options with battery power in the range from 200 to 1000 watts. In this case, the operating voltage can vary within 12-48 volts.

The principle of operation of all components of the mechanism lies in the interaction of the gearbox and the electric motor that rotate the wheels of the bicycle. The movement of the motor is carried out by certain built-in drives. The entire mechanism of the bike is in a sealed case. These features distinguish an e-bike from a conventional vehicle with a larger mass. This is due not only to the presence of electrical components, but also to the presence of reinforced bicycle forks.

Usually, most of the models have a mass of about 20 kilograms. The devices are designed to carry cargo weighing no more than 120 kilograms. The electric drive can be a motor-wheel; there are also systems with a central motor, with a carriage motor, four-wheel drive (all-wheel drive), a twin-engine e-bike.

Most of the proposed range of e-bicycles includes two-wheeled means for riding, but some manufacturers have expanded their product line with the release of three-wheeled electric bicycles - tricycles.

Most often, e-bikes have one gear speed, however, it will be possible to find products with a two- or three-speed transmission on sale. The pedals are made in the usual form, the steering wheel can be curved and compact, or the classic shape.

Also, e-bikes have functions that provide comfortable handling.

• Some e-bike manufacturers equip their products with cruise control - a special unit that turns on automatically when driving at a certain speed.
• Also in the line of such vehicles, you can find varieties that have a special E-ABS unit in their design. The device is designed to brake the engine, during which the battery is recharged. The mechanism can be activated with one press of the brake lever on the steering wheel.
• The pedal assist function deserves special attention. This feature allows the owner of the electric bike to move without the obligatory fixation of the throttle handle. The system begins its work in a monotonous mode of pedaling.

The e-bike is a popular vehicle that has both positive and negative characteristics. It's worth starting with the merits of these bicycles.

• Speed ​​attachments are very easy to charge. The battery requires a regular 220V socket.
• To travel on such transport, you do not need to obtain a license. Also, an electric bike does not need to be registered with the traffic police.
• The small size of bicycles allows you to move around the city without stopping in traffic jams, which will be relevant not only for daily travel to the place of work or study, but also for long trips.
• Despite the more complex structure and principle of operation of an electric bicycle, it will require from its owner minimal time and financial costs for maintenance, when compared with a scooter, motorcycle, car.
• The e-bike runs almost silently, which is an indisputable advantage of such a means of riding (due to the comfort while driving without unnecessary noise).
• E-bikes are a completely environmentally friendly mode of transport, since they operate on electricity and do not emit harmful chemical compounds into the environment.
• Battery types of bicycles are universal means of transportation, since they are suitable for driving elderly people with minimal physical training. The line of products includes female models, off-road options with large wheels, light e-bikes for movement and cycling around the city.
• The design is quite simple to operate, and you don't need to have any special skills other than maintaining balance to ride an electric bike.
• Due to the battery, e-bikes can be operated like a regular bike on straight tracks, and on slopes and difficult road sections, use the vehicle without using physical force, relying on an electric motor.
• Electric bicycles will cost several times less than motor vehicles on the market.

However, such a newfangled technique is not without some disadvantages that every consumer should know, considering a similar purchase for yourself.

• Most of the batteries in e-bikes have limited recharge life. Depending on the variety, the battery lasts 300 cycles using the lead versions. Lithium-ion is enough for 800 cycles, lithium-polymer are designed for 1000-2000 recharges.
• Comparing the amount of time required to fully charge the battery, it can be noted that an e-bike will take at least 4 hours, unlike electric unicycle or other mini-devices for riding on batteries, which can fully recharge within 30-40 minutes.
• The cyclist should be prepared to apply more force to pedal than when riding a regular bike. This is due to the mass of the structure and inertia.
• On road or conventional electric bicycles, it will not be possible to develop high speed, comparing these indicators with various small motor vehicles.
• The weight of the device will fluctuate within 20 kilograms, which can cause certain difficulties with transporting the bike in your hands, on various climbs on the terrain.

Today, the classification of bicycle hybrids involves the division of such products into several varieties.

Pedal-driven designs, also called carriage-type attachments. The motor is driven by pedaling. In this case, the motor will be an assistant for the cyclist when driving. For these types, there are certain norms of motor power. As for the Russian requirements, the maximum values ​​in this case will be 250 watts, while the speed of the device will be about 30 km / h.

In this case, the control is carried out by the throttle of the motor-wheel. The motor can be driven by analogy with the first variety, or with the help of a throttle grip, which is similar to a lever on motorcycles. For such vehicles, there are the same restrictions on motor power and speed capabilities.

The power of the motors on such devices allows the owner of an electric bike to reach speeds of up to 40 km / h. In some countries, this type of e-bike is referred to as a means of transportation that requires a license and appropriate registration.

Considering the type of drive, electric bicycles are:

• front wheel drive;
• rear wheel drive;
• all-wheel drive.

Also, the classification of bicycle hybrids involves the division of devices according to the assembly method. Today on the market on sale you can find the following varieties:

• constructions, the manufacturing process of which took place in the factory;
• e-bikes assembled by yourself.

By type of construction, electric bicycles can be folding and monolithic.

Also, the division of such riding devices is carried out depending on the type of operation of the bicycle.

Such means are recommended by the manufacturer for driving on extreme roads, where significant differences in height are observed. The bicycles are designed for heavy loads, suitable for hunting and fishing, and stand out for their high cost.

The sports version of the bicycle hybrid, which is equipped with a special battery by the manufacturer, which increases the mileage on a single charge.

A full-fledged bike, recommended not only for single rides, may be a two-seater, there are four-wheeled models for transporting various loads.

Small and lightweight models that stand out for their increased comfort when used in the city.

The power ratings of the electric motor determine the possibilities for the development of maximum speed. These parameters also affect the carrying capacity of the vehicle.

Such samples are capable of moving at a maximum speed of 50 km / h. You can choose this option not only for suburban, but also urban movement. Typically, these hybrids are equipped with lithium batteries.

Electric bicycles, capable of covering sections of about 60 kilometers without additional recharging. In this case, the carrying capacity of such vehicles will be about 150 kilograms at a maximum speed of about 60 km / h.

Cycling hybrids of this series are capable of traveling at speeds up to 90 km / h. This feature gives them an advantage in the power reserve, so on such a vehicle you can cover a distance of 100-120 kilometers.

Today consumers can choose their e-bike to ride from a wide range of models and brands.

Russian-made products, which stand out for their high technical characteristics and assembly quality. Particularly noteworthy is the V 12 model, which has a power reserve of 350 kilometers. The e-bike is affordable, but weighs over 50 kilograms.

Electric bicycles for urban use, which are capable of speeds up to 40 km / h. On a single charge, the bike travels about 40–45 kilometers. The battery is removable, the weight of the device is 19 kilograms.

A foldable type of electric bike that weighs about 20 kilograms. Manufacturers recommend models for urban use. The e-bike is capable of speeds up to 40 km / h.

A type of bicycle that does not develop high speed, therefore it moves within 20 km / h. The battery, when fully charged, is designed to cover a distance of up to 30 kilometers.

A lightweight e-bike that allows you to easily overcome difficult sections of the tracks. Despite its good cross-country ability, the battery, when fully charged, is designed for a distance of 60 to 120 kilometers.

To ensure that the purchased electric bike is comfortable to use, and also demonstrates high build quality, studying the proposed range of models, it is worth paying attention to important nuances.

• You should choose a device, having previously determined the goals and methods of riding it.Manufacturers clearly classify their models, equipping them with certain mechanisms to suit their purpose.
• The choice of transport will also depend on the preparedness of the cyclist himself. Despite the versatility of e-bikes, women or the elderly should prefer simple and lightweight designs.
• It is also worth focusing on the driving style, based on which models with additional functions may be needed. For example, for night driving, you should consider e-bikes with good headlights or parking lights. This feature will come in handy for electric bike owners who will be using the device in rural areas.

To properly ride e-bikes, it is necessary to adhere to the recommendations of specialists.

• Before riding a bike, check the tire pressure. In addition, you need to make sure that the bolts and nuts are securely fastened, as well as the tension level of the spokes.
• The distance a cyclist can travel on a device will directly depend on the quality of the battery and its charge. Therefore, it is recommended that you have a fully charged battery in your device before each ride.
• Manufacturers, when traveling long distances, recommend stopping by turning off the device for 5-10 minutes. Such breaks will make it possible to eliminate the risk of overheating, as well as keep the controller ready to cover long distances.
• Experienced cyclists and beginners should be aware that when driving an e-bike, it is forbidden to simultaneously lock the wheels and press the throttle lever. Such operation will lead to the failure of the unit.
• Store the removable battery in a well-ventilated area, avoiding high humidity. The battery must be at least 70% charged separately from the bike.
• It is necessary to charge the battery only in working electrical networks, avoiding sudden voltage surges. It is necessary to charge the battery, regardless of the operating mode, at least once every 25 days.
• The battery should not heat up to more than 55 degrees. If this figure exceeds the established rate, then such a feature will indicate a malfunction in the device.
• During operation, do not disassemble electrical mechanisms on your own.
• While driving, you need to hold on to the steering wheel with both hands, while moving around the city - observing the established traffic rules.
• Beginners are advised to use protective equipment. This applies to a helmet, gloves, you can additionally wear knee pads and elbow pads.
• To operate the e-bike in some models, you will need to use the speed control levers. In general, cycling with an electric motor is no different from using a conventional attachment without a motor. Most of the models are operated by pressing the pedals.

Owners of electric bicycles note the convenience of movement on such units, maneuverability when driving around the city. Many models are capable of good speed, which allows cyclists to fully use the e-bike as an alternative to other vehicles.

How to choose an e-bike, see below.