Permed hair: features, types and technique

Today beauty salons offer the fair sex a large number of different hairstyle transformation procedures. And to create curls, perm has been used for a long time, which has many variations and varieties, which has earned itself special popularity among women.

Permed hair is a hairdressing service, thanks to which you can permanently and radically change your hairstyle, regardless of the original haircut, by making curly or wavy curls. Curled curls of any shape and size, with proper care, will retain their attractiveness for a fairly long period, thanks to which chemistry has not gone out of fashion for several decades. Over time, manufacturers have worked on the quality of the chemicals used, in light of which many products have appeared that have a more gentle effect on the structure of the hair shaft. In addition, modern types of fixators, neutralizers and curlers have made it possible to use new types of perm, which has led to the demand for the procedure today.

A feature of chemistry is its versatility, because not every woman has been endowed with beautiful and lush curls by nature. Curls will suit almost every woman and girl, thanks to curls, the volume of hair increases, in addition, the features and oval of the face become more feminine and soft.The essence of such a curling is the effect of special compounds on the structure of the hair shaft. After a short amount of time after treatment with the drug, they penetrate into the hair. In its natural state, the rod has a rounded shape, and the reagent penetrating inside, interacting with the keratin of the hair, opens its cuticle, destroying some bonds.

This allows you to give the curls the chosen shape, they become lighter and more manageable, therefore they take the form of the used bobbins or curlers. But the chemicals deplete the hair shaft, and natural keratin is also replaced with meta-keratin. Therefore, specialized post-curl care is a must. In the course of chemistry, the hair is in contact with fixing substances twice - for the first time, when the formulations work in order to open the hair cuticle, and then to consolidate the result, when the master applies a neutralizer to the hair, fixing the created wave or curls.

The history of perming in beauty salons distinguishes many domestic and foreign brands among manufacturers of preparations for working with hair. Modern curling products are marketed by popular brands such as Schwarzkopf, Wella and L'Oreal. In addition to well-known companies around the world, companies specializing in the manufacture and sale of a professional line of hair products are engaged in the production of chemical products, these include Estel, Paul Mitchell and Moss. Such a variety allows the master to choose the composition, focusing on the condition of the hair, the type and length of the strands, their color, etc.

Today, you can even perm on colored curls, the main thing is to maintain a certain interval between procedures. However, a rather serious test for hair can be perm on bleached strands, from which the pigment has been removed in such an aggressive way more than once. For hair that has not been dyed, the harm from the effects of the formulations will be less noticeable. As for thin hair shafts, in this case it is worth choosing the most gentle types of transformation of curls.

As a rule, a root perm allows you to correct natural curls or make a haircut more luxuriant. Despite the active work of manufacturers on curling compositions, the procedure still has a number of contraindications. These include the following points:

• during pregnancy and lactation, you should temporarily abstain from curling;
• too damaged hair shafts;
• reusable discoloration of curls;
• individual intolerance to the components of the preparations used for fixation;
• hair coloring with henna, basma or other natural dyes;
• taking hormonal drugs;
• the presence of diseases of the skin on the head;
• abrasions and wounds.

The perm technology makes it possible to perform it at home, however, in order to achieve a beautiful and durable result, as well as a competent selection of the composition for working with hair, it is better to entrust its implementation to the masters of their craft. Curly curls can be an adornment for any type of appearance and hair color. But a beautiful result, which will really be in harmony with the woman's appearance, is achieved only with the correct selection of the shape and size of the curls.

As the long-term practice of curling hair shows, for thin and sparse hair rods, it is best to choose small curls. For a round oval face, the size of the curly curls created should gradually decrease towards the tips. As for the rectangular or square type of appearance, the masters recommend making a perm with large horizontally arranged curls. Hair length will be one of the governing factors when sizing your curler. On long hair, you can use various variations and shapes of curls, additional waves and curls will only emphasize the natural attractiveness of the curls.

The average length of the hair will allow you to make root chemistry or curl them only at the ends. In this case, you can use various techniques, combining and alternating them with each other. However, trusting your imagination, it should be borne in mind that some types of curling can significantly affect the length of the curls in the end. Therefore, combining different methods, you should trust the opinion of an experienced master in a beauty salon.

Perm, like any procedures carried out with hair, has positive and negative features. Its advantages include such moments:

• with the help of chemistry, it will be possible to radically transform any image, haircut and image as a whole;
• in comparison with other procedures for creating curls, the effect of waves or curls will last for a very long time;
• chemistry is a universal service, so it can be performed on hair of any length;
• today, masters in salons offer customers many types of perm;
• after the procedure, styling will take several times less time, in some cases you can even do without it.

For all its advantages, chemistry is not devoid of a number of negative features. The disadvantages of the procedure include the following points:

• as it already became clear from the name, the technology of hair curling is carried out using aggressive agents that harm the health of the hair;
• after contact with drugs, the curls will be dehydrated, which will negatively affect the appearance, lead to fragility, and also require the purchase of specialized care products;
• perm has a number of contraindications that reduce the possibility of its implementation in a given period.

This salon service can be classified according to the type of compounds used for the work.

Such a perm is considered to be universal, since there are no contraindications for it regarding the type of hair. A similar gentle perm can be done on any hair shaft. As a result of the procedure carried out, very elastic curls of different sizes are formed on the strands, depending on the curlers used. As a rule, the effect of neutral chemistry lasts from 3 to 5 months on the hair, the retention of the result and its duration will depend on the structure of the strands.

The agent used includes thioglycolic acid. Despite this, the drug is not too aggressive, so the damage to the hair from it will be minimal. The result of contact with the hair shaft and curlers will be the formation of tough curls that can maintain their elasticity for a month. This type of curling is not recommended for fine hair, as it will straighten very quickly. Also, a contraindication for working with acidic formulations is increased dryness of the skin and curls.

Due to the penetration of alkali into the hair cuticle, the effect of curly curls can persist for 3 months.According to the reviews of clients who have used an alkaline perm, there is a rather natural look of curls, which will also be very soft to the touch. A short result from this procedure is noted on hard strands, which will very quickly take on their original appearance.

The masters recommend making such a perm for girls whose hair needs treatment. A feature of the tools used is the presence of amino acids and proteins, which have a positive effect on the health of the curls. The negative aspect of this procedure will be the short duration of the created curls.

A feature of such a gentle curling will be the replacement of most chemicals with natural ingredients.

A local kind of chemistry, the peculiarity of which is to work only with the area near the roots. After such a procedure, the hairstyle will receive additional volume, which can persist for a long period or for several weeks. In this case, everything will depend on the fixing products used.

The name is due to the presence of silk proteins in the fixing compositions, which have a beneficial effect on the condition of the hair after the procedure. The effect lasts for 5-6 months. However, the service stands out for its high cost due to the specificity of the drugs used.

Among modern varieties of chemistry, it is this option that is most popular. This is due to the expressive result. The curls are wound on special large curlers that create lush curls without any creases along the length.

This look is in demand among women with thin and sparse hair. As a rule, this chemistry is performed on haircuts with medium shoulder length hair. A special feature of the procedure is to obtain an incredible volume. However, such a result will require a specific approach to follow-up care. It will be quite difficult to style small and curly curls.

Gentle chemistry of a new generation, which is distinguished by the lipid-protein composition of the used fixatives for curls. According to experts, after contact with the preparations, the hair receives the missing amount of moisture, so that it is relevant for brittle and overdried hair shafts that have been frequently dyed or daily styled with hot air. The effect on hair lasts from 2 to 5 months.

This variety is recommended for hair of medium length, it is also carried out on short haircuts with curls, the size of which does not exceed 20 centimeters. The curls after such a perm have a natural appearance, the volume of the hairstyle increases due to the additional splendor at the roots. A feature of carving is the surface contact of chemical compounds with the hair shaft.

A suitable option for long and thick hair, on which horizontal chemistry simply does not twist. A distinctive feature of such chemistry is the technology of working with hair, during which the curlers on the head are placed vertically, and the curls are twisted in a spiral. It will be possible to style such a curl as beautifully as possible by creating a wet effect.

The master can recommend this type of service only for healthy hair. The process of creating curls is carried out by working with hair using an apparatus on which the heating temperature is regulated.

Chemistry is also classified according to the type of curlers used for wrapping strands. Today, craftsmen use the following devices:

• papillotes that will help create voluminous curls on your hair;
• boomerangs - allowing to make natural waves;
• rollers - necessary in the course of working on an American curling;
• polymer bobbins in the form of sticks - necessary for curling the hair at the roots themselves;
• curlers-sticks with grooves, used in the spiral technique of curling curls.

Based on the method of winding the strands on the selected type of curlers, today such techniques stand out.

A master can do a similar chemistry with different curlers. They differ in diameter, in addition, in the process of curling, several types of bobbins are very often combined. This method makes it possible to obtain a more natural effect on the hair.

In this case, the hairdresser will only work with the hair roots. By winding them on curlers, it turns out to create volume in this area. The principle of fixing the strand involves winding the hair in the shape of a half-eight, with a freely falling length of curls.

In the course of such chemistry, curls of the minimum size are formed on the hair, due to their large number, the hairstyle becomes very lush. The hair is twisted on a bobbin, previously twisted into bundles of small thickness.

A similar technique is practiced on long hair. As a rule, the process involves working with the root zone using thin curlers, when the remaining length is already fixed with devices of a suitable diameter based on the desired appearance of the final curl.

Another kind of local chemistry. In this case, the master twists the hair on different curlers, and the technique for fixing them is also selected individually.

To achieve this result, the master will use curlers with the maximum diameter. The technology for creating such a curl requires paying special attention to the contact time of the hair shafts with the fixer. The longer the composition will interact with the hair, the harder the resulting wave will be.

Natural curves in the hair, following the contours of the sea wave, are obtained by the use of ribbon-like bobbins by the master, which are pulled through the strands.

Such a perm is obtained when working with small papillotes or spiral curlers. As a rule, the very process of working with hair will be quite painstaking, therefore it will take at least 3 hours.

This chemistry is done on medium-length hair. The essence of the process lies in weaving braids in a tight way, while the master additionally twists their ends with bobbins.

In this case, the curls are wound on a special device in the form of a hairpin.

The effect on hair is achieved by combining two curling techniques. The master divides the hair into two halves, with one he works in a vertical way, and winds the other horizontally.

In this case, the master selects the option and size of the winding device based on the length and density of the hair. Usually, they work with short curls by winding them in a rectangle, in a vertical way, or choosing curls for curling in a checkerboard pattern.

This method involves the use of a special cap by the master, which excludes the ingress of the composition on the scalp. Having put it on, the master will take turns removing the strands from the holes, winding them on curlers, processing them with a fixing compound.

In order to cause a minimum of harm to the hair shafts during the curling process, you should prepare for the transformation of the image in advance. Preliminary work with hair before chemistry will consist of the following stages.

• The most important step, on which the result will largely depend, will be the assessment of the structure of the curls. It involves determining the strength and density, as well as the elasticity and type of hair shafts. The need for such a procedure is due to the subsequent selection of a means for fixing curls based on these characteristics. For example, for thick hair, you will need to use drugs with the maximum fixing effect. Thin curls are treated with gentle means.
• Assessment of the skin is necessary in light of the fact that even with the slightest abrasions or irritations on the head, contact with fixing substances will be contraindicated until the epidermis is completely healed and restored.
• The next step in preparing for a perm will be an allergy test, which is performed for all clients. To exclude the possibility of a negative reaction of the skin to the formulations used, for a quarter of an hour, the master applies a small amount of the curling compound behind the ear. In the absence of any manifestations on the skin, you can carry out perm.
• Testing of the fixative on the hair is necessary for the master in order to correctly establish the amount and concentration of the means for opening the hair cuticle. There are times when the curls do not withstand contact with the drug and break.
• In some cases, a haircut is done before curling to remove split ends and to give the hair the desired shape. However, this stage is not necessary, the haircut can be done after chemotherapy.
• Before chemistry, you need to wash your hair along the entire length using a special shampoo. This tool will soften the flakes, so that the retainers can penetrate inside faster.

After completing all the preparatory activities, you should collect all the necessary tools, tools and accessories for work. For curling, you will need the following set:

• container for diluting the composition of glass or porcelain;
• plastic comb with a sharp end;
• measuring cup;
• bobbins;
• rubber bands or hair clips;
• polyethylene cap;
• sponges for treating curls with a fixative and a neutralizer.

The curling process itself is carried out according to the following approximate scheme.

• First, the master divides the entire mass of hair into strands that are uniform in width. In order for the effect to be harmonious, their size should not exceed the length of the curlers used. To make this process go quickly and correctly, it is best to divide the hair into two vertical parting, fixing the strands with elastic bands or a clip. Further from the vertical borders, you will need to perform a horizontal parting behind the ears.
• The back of the head must be divided into 3 equal zones using vertical parting. After all the hair has been divided, you can proceed to the perm itself.
• The processing of the strands starts from the center of the back of the head. The curl is separated and moistened with a retainer, and then screwed onto the curlers. The ends of the hair should protrude no more than 1-2 centimeters, they will need to be pulled up and bent inward, moving in the course of twisting the entire strand. Having twisted the entire zone, the hair is once again moistened with the composition, after which the work is carried out with the temporal and parietal parts.
• After all the hair has been curled and treated with a fixative, it must be hidden under a cap. The holding time of the composition will depend on the desired result and the type of chemistry used.
• Over time, the hair, together with the curlers, should be rinsed under running water without using any additional products. With shampoo, you can wash your hair a little later. The fixing agent is washed off with water for 5-6 minutes.
• After the hair has dried out a little, after 5-10 minutes you can start unwinding the bobbins, as well as reprocessing the curls with a fixer, which is kept on the curls for only a few minutes. This portion should also be washed off with plain water.
• Then it is the turn of the treatment of curls with a neutralizer. The hair is rinsed with the composition about 2-4 times.
• Styling and drying are the final stages of a perm.

Chemistry is not a procedure to make curls permanently curly. However, the effect of it persists for a long period. Depending on the composition of the curling products you use, curls can stay on your hair for 2 to 9 months. However, the visual appeal of such an image will require regular correction of regrown roots, as well as the removal of split ends.

The duration of the effect created will be influenced by the structure of the hair shafts, their length. On short haircuts, the curling lasts several times longer. The result will also depend on the type of curls, as practice shows, body waves will become even much earlier.

Since the effect of curly curls, which lasts for several months, is performed using chemistry, the hair shafts after such contact will need specific care. Masters recommend to care for your hair as follows.

• You need to wash your hair only with specialized formulations. On sale there are shampoos and beauty care complexes that will strengthen and restore the structure of the damaged hair shaft.
• After any composition for curling, even the most gentle, the hair will be overdried, so regular nourishing masks for curly hair will become a mandatory step in terms of care. You can use folk remedies or store products that contain collagen, keratins and panthenol. As for homemade masks, formulations based on nettle and hops, various moisturizing and nourishing essential oils can be used as a suitable option.
• The beauty of hair after chemotherapy can be maintained if you start taking fish oil.
• It will be possible to maintain a well-groomed appearance for a long time with regular shearing of the ends, as well as using special oils and creams.
• Comb the hair with a wide-toothed brush. Some women, after curling, do without a comb at all, modeling their hair with their fingers.
• To consolidate the result within 2-3 days after the procedure, you should refrain from washing your hair. It is best to dry curls naturally, without a hair dryer, gently blotting along the entire length. You should not go to bed with wet hair.

The curls that are formed after chemistry will significantly change the original look of the girl's hairstyle and haircut, by this time you should be ready in advance. Immediately after the perm, the hair should be given some time to adapt. Beauty salon experts recommend refraining from using a hair dryer and styling products for a week. You can start braiding and styling curly locks only after 3-4 days. A similar resting phase is necessary for the hair shafts in order for the curls to finally take shape.

As for short haircuts with perm, they are usually styled with wax or gel. Fixing the curls does not take much time, it will be enough to take a small amount of the selected product in the palm of your hand and wrinkle your hair a little. You can raise the strands at the roots so that the haircut acquires splendor and texture. A good option would be chemistry for a short haircut with bangs. It is left flat and the rest of the hair is curled. Further creation of a beautiful and feminine image is achieved by decorating the head with headbands, ribbons or other similar decorative accessories.

You can also create a beautiful hairstyle with chemistry by styling your hair with wax, creating a wet effect. The longer the hair, the more options for styling curled strands. Curls can be collected on one side at the top or, if the length permits, under the ear. The strands that fall out are fixed with invisibility. On medium-length hair, it will be possible to collect hair as high as possible at the back of the head, fixing and arranging the strands so that some of them fall forward, and the rest - back. Shoulder-length and lower hair with fine curls or voluminous curls can be left loose, creating the effect of wet hair.

The classic styling option involves applying foam or mousse to damp hair, excluding the area in the root area. Then you need to tilt your head forward, squeezing the curls with your hands from the ends to the roots. Having finished with this procedure, a parting is done, even or oblique of choice, and the hair is dried with a hairdryer or naturally. This option is versatile and, at the same time, very convenient for long hair.

Despite the fact that perm has a negative effect on hair, it remains popular today. According to the numerous responses that clients of beauty salons leave about curling, there are many positive and negative characteristics regarding the procedure. However, modern formulations used for curling still have less aggressive properties than before, therefore, with proper subsequent care, the hair has an attractive appearance, and also regenerates quite quickly.

For the world of hair curling possibilities, see the next video.