What mushrooms grow in Crimea?

Crimea is rich in vegetation, and not only berries, but also mushrooms grow on its territory. However, in order not to get to the hospital, you need to clearly know which of them should be eaten and which should not.

All over the Crimea there are places where mushrooms grow in large numbers, and lovers of "quiet hunting" always know when to go to the forest. The mushroom world of the peninsula has several tens of thousands of plants, but growing them at home is a difficult process, since you need to create unique conditions, prepare a special soil.

In nature, porcini mushrooms and boletus appear here and there, only you have to climb higher, about 1.5 thousand meters above sea level. The best places to collect: sloping mountain surfaces, small edges, where the sun shines most of the day. Most mushroom pickers can be found on the western slope of the Crimean Mountains. These are, first of all, the Ai-Petrinskaya Yayla and its famous peaks. There are several types of mushrooms on Demerdzhi Mountain.

You should definitely go to the village of Luchistoye, which is located near Alushta. In good years, you can stumble upon a large mushroom meadow here. Hides numerous mushroom places and forest area of ​​Sevastopol.

In addition, you can fill a basket with mushrooms near the Old Crimea and Feodosia. It is also worth trying your luck near some of the lakes. Mushroom pickers love to visit the banks of Donuzlav and Sasyk. A large number of "little mice" grows in the vicinity of the Crimean Astrophysical Observatory and near the village of Kolchugino. If you want to collect boletus, then you should go to Stroganovka or Zelenogorsk.

Ryzhiks are also actively gathered by mushroom pickers, they grow in whole glades near Rybachy. In Marble, mushroom pickers go to collect chanterelles.

In Crimea, the first spring mushrooms can be picked with the arrival of warmth. But during this period, the harvest is not too large, summer and autumn are considered the best seasons. Most of the young fungi appear on the surface after a light rain, but not immediately, but after a couple of days. If you wait and postpone the forest trip for four days, you can fill your baskets.

Mushrooms and boletus mushrooms delight mushroom pickers in the summer. Also in the forests and on the edges of the Crimea you can find russula, porcini mushrooms and honey agarics. Plants less known to some mushroom pickers also grow here:

• slingshots;
• one-barrel;
• rare;
• flywheels.

There are also a lot of champignons, which cannot but please with their dimensions. Those who are lucky will be able to find boletus and aspen mushrooms, however, they do not grow directly under the trees, but separately from them, in forests with conifers.

The fall harvest can be harvested until October. There are also mushrooms that are harvested until the very frost. As a rule, these are "mice" and mushrooms. By the middle of autumn, it is already less common, but nevertheless, belated chanterelles can be found in the forests, sometimes boletus are caught in the mushroom picker's basket. Horned beetles and milk mushrooms give a rich harvest in early autumn.

On the territory of Crimea, there are steppe mushrooms growing on the edges of mountains and in forests, the main thing is to know when to go in search. There are also rare specimens that are characteristic only for this region, as well as well-known mushrooms, such as white, boletus, chanterelles.

Sarcosomes, which are also found on the territory of the peninsula, although considered useful, are still inedible.

This plant has several names. On the territory of the peninsula, it is also called the "giant pig". Among the locals you can also find the name "giant talker". The mushroom grows on the territory of forests, since the soil is most suitable there. Mushroom pickers collect it for several months. With enough rain, the mushroom grows in summer and early autumn.

The porcini mushroom grows in small groups, so if you see one, then there are more nearby. It is not difficult to see the plant among the foliage, since it stands out against the general background in white color. Sometimes the hat is not completely white, but has a pleasant creamy shade. As a rule, pure white mushrooms are young, they have a smooth cap, under which there are jumpers. They have dense, fleshy legs, but not too long, a maximum of 8 centimeters in adulthood. Sometimes there are villi on the stem, which are located closer to the cap. A slight thickening can be seen at the bottom of the leg.

If you break the mushroom, you can see that its flesh is the same white or creamy. Even raw, the porcini mushroom has a pleasant aroma. Sometimes mature plants have a slightly bitter taste and are best dried. Most of the nutrients are found in young porcini mushrooms. They contain clitocybin, an antibiotic that works against tubercle bacillus.

A mushroom picker should be careful, since it is not difficult to confuse this mushroom with others that also grow on the territory of Crimea. A lot of similarities can be traced with the smoky govorushka, which is also edible and has excellent taste. It is bad when the white mountain mushroom is confused with poisonous bile. If the mushroom picker came across a whole clearing, you need to take a closer look to see if it is a "witch's ring".

The described mushroom is prepared by different methods: boiled, stewed, fried and salted. Its shelf life is short; after collection, it will be necessary to rinse the product and leave it in cold salted water for a while.

"Myshat" can also be eaten, several species grow on the territory of Crimea. The main habitat is coniferous or mixed forest. You can find mushrooms on moss or sand. Mushrooms grow both singly and in small groups. Mushroom pickers go to gathering in September, and the collection itself lasts until mid-autumn. To pick up a lot of mushrooms of this type, it is worth going to the village of Kolchugino, it is in its vicinity that there are most of them. You can find them near the astrophysical laboratory.

In young mushrooms, the cap has a pointed shape, and the edges are slightly curled. Head size - up to 100 mm. When the plant ripens, the cap becomes flat, uneven. It is quite fleshy with small cracks. It is difficult not to notice a tubercle in the center, there are plates at the bottom, but they are located far from each other.

The color of mushrooms can be either light or dark gray. If it has been raining recently, a little mucus will form on the surface of the plant, making the cap feel sticky. The leg is up to 12 cm long; towards the base it is thicker and denser. If it is an adult mushroom, then voids are formed inside. The shade of the leg is yellow, sometimes gray.

You can also distinguish the mushroom by the bloom that is near the cap. Although the pulp is dense, the "mice" break easily even under slight pressure. Mushrooms are boiled, pickled, salted. They can be fried, but only after pre-cooking. There is no better addition to the second course.

Chanterelles are one of the most popular edible mushrooms. They are orange, yellow or white, fleshy and funnel-shaped. On the underside, under the smooth cap, most species have gill ridges that extend almost completely down to the peduncle. Many species have apricot-like fruity aromas and are often slightly peppery.

Because of their mycorrhizal connection with trees, chanterelles can be found on the ground, next to deciduous trees. These are summer and autumn mushrooms. They bear fruit from June to September. The caps are usually convex, shaped like a vase. The stems are smooth, full-bodied, and the same color as the cap.

Mushrooms contain vitamin C, as well as a large amount of carotene, which is the reason for the orange-yellow color. The ability to recognize false gills is one of the most rewarding skills for a mushroom picker. They are represented by bifurcated folds on the underside of the mushroom.

These mushrooms can be found in the forests of Crimea from late summer to November. They very rarely grow alone, more often they form small glades. They love to parasitize under trees, and on large, old stumps. They prefer moist soil, therefore they appear in large quantities after rain.

If this is a young plant, then its cap should be concave downward. As the mushroom grows, it gradually flattens out and finally becomes completely flat. The size of an adult mushroom can reach a cap diameter of 150 mm.

The shade of the whole mushroom is honey, there are small scales or even fluff. A small ring of thin film can be seen under the cap. You need to be able to distinguish autumn mushrooms from gray-yellow false ones, which are not suitable for food. The spores of such mushrooms are dark, while in edibles they are white, and there is no bitter earthy aroma.

If you want to get a lot of butter, then you should go to the Belgorod region of the peninsula. Oils grow in large quantities:

• in the village of Zelenogorskoe;
• Strogonovka;
• on Ai-Petri.

Mushrooms grow from June to mid-autumn. Butters prefer areas with a lot of light, so they can be found on forest edges and meadows. Such mushrooms are loved not only by people, but also by insects, therefore young boletus are often eaten by them.

The advantage of the mushroom is that it is quite difficult to confuse it with others. The hat is fleshy, soft, as if oiled. In appearance, these mushrooms are slippery, the color is brown or light brown. The shape of the cap is a small hemisphere, and the more mature the mushroom, the more the edges rise. If necessary, the skin is separated from the pulp very easily; under it there are tubes with yellow pores. Despite the massiveness of the upper part, the lower leg is thin, its length can reach 100 mm.

Butter oil cannot be stored for a long time; they are prepared immediately after collection. There are many worms in the pulp, in order to release the mushroom, it is worth soaking it for half an hour or an hour in salted water.

Milk mushrooms, although they are found in large quantities in the mixed forests of Crimea, are rarely picked by mushroom pickers, since they are difficult to cook. The harvesting season begins in mid-summer and lasts until early fall. Most of the mushrooms appear after heavy rain.

Several species grow on the peninsula:

• oak;
• dry;
• peppery.

The plant is distinguished by a red color and a lamellar structure. There are brown stripes on the cap, there are small yellow pits on the legs. The older the mushroom, the lower the density of the leg.

Pepper mushroom has a funnel-shaped cap and is white in color. There may be juice on the plates that tastes bitter. The plant has a narrow and short stem.

The dry milk mushroom is white, but there are brown spots on the cap. The plates are blue, if you break the mushroom, then the juice will not stand out.

In July, numerous mushroom pickers go to the forests of the peninsula for these mushrooms. The main habitat is the area under the trees. Ginger does not grow alone, only in small groups. For such mushrooms it is worth going to the southern coast.

You can distinguish them by their orange hat, the area of ​​which is 12 centimeters. If you turn the mushroom over, then red plates will be visible there. If you press on them, they will change their color to green. The legs can reach a thickness of 2 centimeters, there are small indentations on their surface. Camelina is valued for its fragrant pulp, which is a little sweet.

This is one of those mushrooms that cannot be poisoned, but when collecting, you will need to check the pulp, which must be white. There are two types of raincoats on the territory of Crimea:

• pear-shaped;
• gigantic.

The giant slicker has a white, round body that changes to yellow with age. The maximum height is 340 mm. The pear-shaped slicker is so named because it has a pear-shaped body. There are small tubercles on the skin, the surface is rough. These mushrooms are very fond of rotten wood; only young specimens can be eaten.

According to the description, this extraordinary steppe mushroom belongs to the oyster mushroom family. The season is very long, mushroom pickers collect the plant from spring to autumn, but in summer it is difficult to find it, because in the heat, when the soil is too dry, the one-barrel does not grow.

If there is a lot of rain, then in the forests you can find a sufficient number of mushrooms. Single-barrels are found not far from farms, even grow along roads and in ravines, especially in the mouths of rivers and streams.

Indeed, truffles grow on the peninsula, the harvesting season is from August to January. These mushrooms are valued for their unique aroma. Their growth requires a humid climate, so truffles can only be found in the foothills and the southern coast. In Crimea, the mushroom grows under a coniferous cushion in young pine forests.

It is important to be able to distinguish poisonous mushrooms, since their consumption in food leads to poisoning, and even death. On the territory of Crimea, there are similar specimens, among them you can find such familiar names as fly agaric, pale grebe and false mushrooms.

Dangerous mushrooms that attract with their appearance, but are not suitable for consumption.In some European countries, the caps of the mushroom are crumbled and placed in saucers of milk to attract house flies. Insects drink a liquid that contains toxins that can dissolve in water, and therefore in milk. Over time, the flies become drowsy, fall and die. Hence the name of the mushroom.

When fly agarics first appear in the forest floor, young fruiting bodies are completely covered with pointed white warts. As the cap expands, it turns red. It grows until it finally shows red skin, while the white warts are distributed over the surface more or less evenly.

Heavy rain or even contact with animals is sometimes enough for some or all of the white flakes from the cap of the fly agaric to fall off, so smooth mushrooms are also found in the forest.

These doubles of the edible mushroom also grow on stumps, in large groups, but there is a difference between them, and you need to know about it in order not to get poisoned. The color of the poisonous specimen is very similar to the color of the summer mushroom, but the shade of the plates in the inedible plant is gray. Such a mushroom will not grow on stumps from a deciduous tree. After long research, the seroplate honey mushroom was found to be half edible, the main thing is to cook it for a long time.

But gray-yellow cannot be eaten at all. Such a mushroom smells unpleasant, has a bitter taste. You can distinguish it by its external features. For example, it does not have a ring on its leg; under the head of the plate there may be the following shades:

• olive black;
• gray;
• yellow-green.

The brightness of the cap should scare away the mushroom picker, since the real honey mushroom will be brown.

Pale toadstools are found everywhere in the Crimea. When they are still young, their body is like an egg, on top of which it is as if a film has been pulled. The hat can reach a diameter of 15 centimeters, a shade of green, closer to olive, sometimes light gray. If you break the mushroom, its pulp will smell good, it is white, and it will not change color. The first ring is wide, there is a fringe inside, but only in young grebes.

When comparing specimens, one must not forget that the wild champignon does not have a volva under the cap, and in adult mushrooms the plates will have a different shade. Russula also lacks a ring, its flesh is very brittle, it crumbles right in the hands.

Experienced mushroom pickers give their advice on how to properly collect edible specimens and not get poisoned. Let's consider such recommendations in more detail.

• If the plant is unfamiliar, it is best to skip it. It is worth picking only those mushrooms that are well known.
• Inexperienced mushroom pickers should enlist the support of more professional "hunters" and not go to the forest on their own.
• You need to look for "prey" in those areas that have long been known to local residents, otherwise you can be left with an empty basket.
• Any inedible type of mushroom is dangerous to humans, and even if you boil it for hours, you can still get severe poisoning.
• The Caesar fly agaric is listed in the Red Book, you should not touch it.

For more information about mushrooms in Crimea, see the next video.