Logical thinking: features, purpose, types

A person who thinks logically will always find a way out of any story. Correct understanding of the situation will allow you to quickly identify the root of the problem, and then think over a plan of action. Moreover, logical reasoning is always difficult to argue with. This means that an individual who uses logic in disputes with opponents will always be right. Undoubtedly, each of us would like to have such qualities of mental activity. However, to do this, you must first know all the details regarding the logic. Let's consider in more detail the features, purpose, types of logical thinking.

Based on a specific definition, then the term logical thinking comes from the words "logic" and "thinking". In philosophy, logic is defined as a science that understands the laws of intellectual cognitive activity and has prerequisites in antiquity. She studies the methods by which one can learn the truth. Thinking is a mental process that allows you to process previously received information.

If we combine logic and thinking, then we get a kind of process where logical constructions are applied. When such a process is launched into action, then a person receives accurate objective knowledge and draws certain conclusions, including formal ones. In addition, logic is also involved in the creation of abstract concepts. When concepts are combined, then the information received is systematized. Such a process is peculiar only to humans. Initially, a person receives abstract information, and then connects it with each other.This is how logic, consisting of such factors as analysis and synthesis, is included in this process. More precisely, then analysis is the disintegration of information into separate parts. Through the process, our brain can determine the essence of information.

When synthesis is connected to the analysis, the analyzed information parts are combined. This is exactly how logical thinking works in our minds. You need to understand: who knows how to think logically, he is able to carry out effective mental activity. Logical thinking is a special form of human intellectual activity. Let's consider the main stages that underlie the scientific, everyday, mythological and artistic knowledge of a person.

In psychology, it is generally accepted that mental activity always builds a connection between events or phenomena. A person must analyze information and make inferences. The tool for these actions is logical thinking. This means that in this case, such an ability as cognition moves to a newer level. The above process also has a regulatory and communicative purpose. This technique is useful in building communication between people and in conducting joint activities. Logic also allows you to put forward different versions and draw certain conclusions with the help of them.

So, a person defines his thoughts with the help of words. They can be expressed orally or in writing. It should be noted here that a person acquires these skills in childhood, when he has contacts with adults. Then thinking is developed, which can have the following varieties:

• visual-figurative;
• effective;
• verbal and logical;
• abstract logical.

Visual-figurative and visual-active thinking are always associated with the perception of objects when a person interacts with them. But verbal-logical thinking is already based on certain concepts. This is how the cognition of patterns and interconnections in the surrounding reality takes place.

If we talk about abstract logical thinking, then here it should be noted that it is also abstract. This type is based on the discovery of significant properties, connections, as well as on their separation. In this case, the properties and connections are divided into essential and less essential.

When cognitive activity begins, the thought process acquires the following functions:

• the role of concepts is classified;
• tasks that are associated with life are being solved.
• the understanding of reality contributes to the management of the individual's activities; this process also helps to plan behavior, set goals, and so on;
• both the activity itself and its result are analyzed, while reflection is connected to this process.

In addition, the functions of the logic are in the following points:

• the methods of thinking are cataloged, and thinking itself comes to the truth;
• to study the ways of implementing thought processes, the development of theories is included in the general process;
• the created theories are formalized and take the form of symbols or signs.

First you need to define: what are the types of logical operations. It is generally accepted that this factor refers to mental actions that are combined with concepts. With this combination, people can gain new knowledge and come to true conclusions. Let's consider the forms below in more detail.

Using this logical operation, different objects are compared with each other. After that, the truth is determined, which consists in the following points:

• what can be in common between objects;
• how they differ from each other.

The result is two directions: similarities and differences... This action can be seen in examples. Here is one of them. Three vegetables were placed in front of you: carrots, potatoes and beets. You need to find the difference between them, as well as determine some similarities. Naturally, carrots will differ in color and shape from other vegetables. In another case, common similarities can be found between beets and potatoes. These roots are rounded. If we continue to argue, then we can find several more common features and features that speak of the difference.

This type of operation allows you to highlight some individual property of an object or object. This property is in an independent position, unlike other nearby existing objects. For example, any object has a shape, color, properties. However, these criteria cannot exist without the object itself.... Nevertheless, the exact sciences allow using abstraction to study the above criteria separately from the object itself.

This type of logical operation allows you to combine and transfer a certain statement to other objects.... There can be a lot of them or only two. So, generalization does not concretize, but unites objects in certain directions. This will be best seen with the example of geometric shapes. If we study the properties of three quadrangles at once, then we can conclude that these properties can also apply to other quadrangles. This will give us the generalization that occurs when the logic is connected. One more example. Entering the apartment, we feel warm. The information immediately comes to our consciousness that it will be just as warm in all rooms as in the corridor. This is how logical generalization happens.

Know that generalization has its opposite — it is concretization. On the contrary, it transfers a general statement to a specific object. Such an object is endowed with properties that other objects have.

With this type of logical operation, an object or phenomenon is decomposed into separate parts or elements. It is of them that either an object or a phenomenon can consist. In the process of such decomposition, the connections between the parts are clarified. Thus, you can find out what a particular phenomenon or object consists of. For example, to understand what an acid is made of, it needs to be broken down into its constituents.

In this process, there is combining either elements or parts of something into one whole... The resulting object or phenomenon becomes complex in this way. This operation is needed to determine the internal structure of an object or phenomenon. For example, to obtain water, oxygen and hydrogen must be combined. In approximately this way, various logical operations are carried out in the human mind. To receive the truth, he needs to combine several thoughts at once into one whole.

Logic is a very valuable intellectual quality that helps to think correctly. Logical thinking builds thought processes in such a sequence that allows you to trace the relationship between events or the objects under consideration. A person's logic is formed from about 7-8 years old and continues to improve throughout his life. It must be remembered that the laws of logic are based on practical information... Here, the conclusions are based on previously acquired knowledge. The inclinations of logical thinking appear in a child from birth. And also it is divided into certain types. Let's consider them.

This type allows a person to solve so-called figurative tasks. That is why it is also called visual-figurative thinking (this is when a person also perceives information visually). In this process, there is visual representation of the situation and manipulation with images. Imaginative thinking and imagination have the same meaning. Imagination allows you to clearly draw a certain picture or accurately describe an object or phenomenon. It is not for nothing that from the age of one and a half the child begins to form precisely this kind of thinking.

This view allows you to think with tools that do not exist in nature. The individual can think abstractly, namely: to simulate various relationships between objects and even between representations created by thinking itself. Thus, a person develops intelligence in mental activity... When you connect it, a person can speculate on this or that situation. For example, when an individual knows only the beginning of a story, but does not know its end. To bring the situation to its logical conclusion, he uses abstract thinking. This is how science fiction writers operate. With very good abstract thinking, they come up with a scientific theory, and this is how an interesting plot turns out.

It is also called verbal-logical thinking.... It uses language and speech constructions. This type requires a clear command of speech, as well as the ability to think correctly. Any speaker has a well-developed verbal and logical thinking. Thanks to him, a person can competently build his dialogue with other people. Lawyers, writers and journalists cannot do without such thinking.

To develop logical thinking or not? Of course, logical thinking definitely needs to be developed in order to learn to think correctly... Many people love it when various brainstorming sessions take place in their head. And this is the right approach to life. Some people think that the logical chains that arise in our head are a natural process. Of course it is not. This process can be quite inhibited if a person does not have developed logical thinking.

When you achieve the ability to conduct correct analysis, you will receive great benefits. All your problems on the way will be solved much faster... This can be seen in the example of great people or those who have achieved very great results in their lives in business, politics, and so on. In addition, psychologists are not without reason developing more and more effective methods that help develop not only thinking in general, but also logic.

These events may include master classes, various games, reading special literature, and learning languages. So, let's look at the most well-known and proven methods.

Read books with intricate plots. Reading fiction will pay off. Studying books is the best way to develop logic. There is much more knowledge in these sources than in various other sources. And knowledge, as you know, enables a person to analyze.

For reading to give a definite result, you must read at least 20-30 pages every day. Remember, when you decide to read for the intellect, it is imperative that you do a simultaneous analysis of what you are trying to assimilate. Try to remember what you read. Don't worry about overflowing your memory. This factor is, in principle, impossible. What you do not need, your consciousness will weed out and leave what is needed.When the time comes to remember the information you need, you will definitely remember it.

Pay particular attention to the chapters. Analyze each of them. Also try to get ahead of yourself and determine what the ending of the story will be. Over time, you will learn to guess the ending of the plot. And this will happen because you have mastered the analysis of information using logic. Plots of the detective genre are very suitable for such activities.

To develop logic, you need to use certain games... Checkers and chess are the best options here. It is in these game directions that the participants in the action always calculate their moves. To achieve excellence in such games, you need to devote about 3 hours to classes. The most important thing is that such a "logical simulator" will always be at hand. In addition, this type of games is also available on the Internet. Be aware that these games can be played with the latest technology.

You can still develop logic using the game "Scrabble"... It is suitable for those who suffer from a lack of vocabulary. And when there is such a flaw, then logical thinking definitely does not develop. To get the process going, you need to have good speech. Remember that speech and logic are inseparable. The Internet today offers various options with logical riddles. These options have such a variety that you will never get bored. Moreover, among this variety there are very difficult tasks.

Play with words. There is a game called Cities. The player names any city he knows. The next person must continue the game with the name of the city, which will begin with the last letter of the previously pronounced city. You can also choose a word, and then try using letters from that word to create a new one. Puzzles, such as "Rubik's Cube" or collecting various pictures from puzzles, also help the development of logic very well.

Improves logic very well mathematics and all sciences associated with it... Geometry exercises can increase your intelligence in general, as well as develop certain parts of your brain activity. Logical tasks will be poorly given to those who consider themselves to be a humanitarian. Nevertheless, you need to train your brain, although you do not like to solve problems.

However, if solving problems is difficult for you, then at least try to start building words from smallest to largest. For example, the word KASH. To continue the chain, you need to come up with a word that will be one letter more. KASH-WORD-CROWN and so on. At first glance, it seems that the task is easy to complete, but do not rush to draw conclusions. When choosing the option you want, you will have to revise many words and count the letters before you find the one you want.

Another exercise is just as interesting. To fulfill it, come up with a word and name its properties, for example, a fur coat is warm. If a fur coat is made from natural fur, then it will be much warmer than the one made from artificial fur. By the way, the last exercise is well suited for lessons with children.

Learn languages. Those languages ​​that you did not know before are especially conducive to the development of logic. For example, Chinese or Japanese speech will be the most suitable option for those who speak the Slavic dialect. When you start these activities, your brain activity will greatly improve. If you decide to save money on learning a language, try downloading a free tutorial from the Internet. This option is in no way inferior in terms of the quality of classes with an experienced tutor.

Remember that the main thing is to start learning, and then everything will go the way you want it. The main thing is to have a desire. Plus, you get great benefits. A new way of communicating with people never hurts. The effect will amaze you.You can not only travel around the world, but also significantly develop your intelligence.

To quickly develop your logic don't stop for a minute... Try to keep your brain working anytime, anywhere. Riding the bus - reason, eat or just sit in a chair - build logical chains.