All about professions related to physics

Some time ago it seemed that "business and jurisprudence are everything." But now it is clear that this is not at all the case - traditional specializations are no less relevant than work in the field of design, trade, journalism or politics. Therefore, those thinking about a future career should know everything about professions related to physics.

This science studies the most general, most fundamental aspects of the structure of the world around us. And in a sense, there are simply no spheres of activity that would not concern her in any way. And yet, there is a certain range of professions associated with physics in the first place. First of all, these are all specializations in which you have to operate with complex equipment. Even repairing a water supply system or building houses is unthinkable without deep physical knowledge.

Of course, in all such areas, very attentiveness and curiosity are important... These qualities are directly interconnected. Inattentive work with modern technology not only diminishes the overall effect - it turns out to be extremely dangerous.

Interesting professional areas related to physics apply to them too, because comprehension of the surrounding world and application of the knowledge gained cannot be considered a purely male prerogative. And yet, the most common option for a girl's "physical" profession is teaching at school, secondary specialized or even higher educational institution.This is a very important and relevant activity, laying the foundation that will serve the development of the same science in the future.

However, you can try yourself in the direct creation of the future, that is, in research work. With the talent and the proper perseverance, you can connect your life even with quantum mechanics and other (especially difficult) areas of the cutting edge of modern science. But for those who want to show a humanistic attitude, it makes sense to become medical physicists. The design of equipment and its individual units, the analysis of medical effects from various phenomena and processes of nature is very important.

But physical training, like math, is also needed by those who are fond of computer science.... Programming and virtual modeling of various technological processes, equipment operation, building technologies, structures is unthinkable without a clear understanding of how it all works. But they also design with the help of computers:

• various types of transport;

• communication and control systems;

• emergency funds;

• alarm;

• ventilation circuits;

• acoustic systems.

Even the best programmers, not knowing the real world, are unlikely to be able to competently create elements of computer games (smoke, the flight of a thrown object, a change in the nature of sound in different situations, the consequences of objects touching, and so on). But physics is needed not only by programmers, of course. The creators of computer equipment, individual microcircuits and control devices also cannot make a step without it.

It should be noted right away that such a division is largely arbitrary. And with due diligence, it can be easily overcome. But it is still useful to highlight the list of more "masculine" demanded professions related to physics. First of all, this is the position of a radiophysicist. Such specialists study waves and vibrations of an electromagnetic nature. They are actively involved in work on radio equipment and other devices that use electromagnetic signals.

This is about:

• over-the-air radio and television broadcasts;

• cellular communication systems;

• special service radio transmitters;

• scanners and detectors;

• radio-controlled devices;

• radars;

• radio telescopes.

But when describing different physical specializations, it is imperative to mention specialists in the field of thermal physics. They not only study abstract thermal phenomena - thermophysical approaches and methods are important:

• when creating various internal and external combustion engines;

• when calculating heating, air conditioning and ventilation systems;

• for rational heat removal from various objects;

• for the design of thermal protection and thermal insulation.

A huge role in the modern world is played by a physicist with the addition of "mechanic"... This professional helps develop new engines and vehicles. It solves the problem of how to reduce the resistance of the medium when driving and thereby save fuel or electricity. Many physicists-mechanics work in large firms, in design and engineering organizations, industry research institutes. But specialists in the field of nuclear physics are also promising.

And that's why such professionals are unlikely to be left without work, especially since they can also engage in theoretical research, the creation of safer and more effective methods of using intra-atomic energy. Or a more powerful and effective weapon - which also requires a scrupulous study of physical processes. But physicists are also involved in the creation of non-nuclear weapons.

The fall of an aerial bomb, the flight of a missile or projectile, a shot from a personal weapon, suppression of enemy radio communications and overcoming interference, increasing protection on the battlefield and much more - these are the areas in which natural scientists can easily "turn around." However, even on peaceful days, explosions and shots are constantly thundering. Physics-savvy professionals are needed to:

• hunting and sporting weapons achieved their goal;

• the explosive demolition of buildings took place in a controlled manner;

• mining was more efficient;

• explosion welding, compaction of powders, creation of new substances with controlled properties was carried out properly;

• more efficient sapper equipment appeared;

• traces of weapons were identified, the parameters of explosive devices were determined, and so on.

Take for example architects... Those can design a very beautiful apartment building, a huge theater or stadium, bridges and entire urban areas. However, without taking into account the strength indicators and distribution of loads, the spread of heat and air movement, the level of insolation, the acoustic properties of materials, their susceptibility to vibration, all plans will remain on paper. Or mistakes will be very costly, sometimes even provoking casualties and destruction.

Loads to the construction site planned by the architect are delivered by trucks, trains and ships. But no matter what type of transport is used, only those people who thoroughly know the physical laws in their field can make it, organize traffic and directly manage transportation. Therefore, they should be studied by everyone who aspires to become drivers, machinists, captains, auto mechanics and ship mechanics. And for pilots and cosmonauts, for air traffic controllers, this is a matter of paramount importance. Physics, however, is closely related to geography, geology, ecology.

The movement of rivers and sea currents, the uplift of mountains and the properties of bogs, the formation and disappearance of glaciers, the change in landforms over time - all this cannot be explained if physical knowledge is not involved. Without them, it will also not work:

• determine the likely location of minerals;

• find groundwater;

• understand weather and climatic processes;

• qualitatively explore caves and volcanoes, earthquakes and factors of movement of various substances in the natural environment;

• explain the properties of soil horizons;

• draw up maps and plans of the area.

Physics should be taught to those who are passionate about biology. Any living organism is unthinkable without external and internal movement, without thermal processes, without the perception of light, acoustic signals and other sensations. Digestion and movement of blood, the functioning of cell walls and barriers to various substances, respiration and nerve impulses are all closely intertwined with physics. Also, living organisms are affected by light and sound, heat and air currents, and many other environmental factors. Even photosynthesis is a very complex physicochemical process, in the study and reproduction of which more than one generation of specialists will have time to note.

Moreover, it is worth mentioning:

• various membranes;

• the molecular level of the body's functioning;

• the use of physical methods in biological research;

• creation of all instruments and apparatus (the same microscopes and optical glasses) based on the knowledge of the laws of the inanimate world.

It is enough to remember that the most important component of everyday life and the functioning of entire countries is the economic and production sphere. And in it, in turn, there is no escape from physical laws.An integral part of social science is anthropology, that is, the study of human development in natural and cultural environments.

Both, as already mentioned, cannot be described and understood properly without an understanding of physical laws. A futurologist who predicts the likely achievements of humanity in the future cannot ignore the limitations that nature itself imposes. He cannot do without an idea of ​​what the scientific and technical sphere has already achieved and what the specialists in it are working on in the near future. But the spheres described, of course, are not limited to. Thus, physics plays a colossal role in forensic practice.

Based on it:

• study edged weapons, improvised instruments of crime and their traces;

• understand the origin, sequence and age of various injuries in humans and animals;

• examine material evidence;

• identify substances and materials, various objects, compare their likely parts;

• detect invisible inscriptions;

• restore broken numbers;

• reconstruct the picture of an accident;

• find signs of forgery, hidden traces;

• establish the type of burglary tools;

• determine the characteristics of attackers in their tracks, and so on.

Of course not only the experts themselves, but also investigators, operatives, prosecutors, lawyers, and judges should have at least a general idea of ​​all this. It is important to understand what is realistic and what the criminologist cannot do, how to correctly formulate the task. But even moving on to completely different areas, we will inevitably discover physics again. Take at least the kitchen - home or professional, it doesn't matter. It uses a large number of sophisticated equipment and fixtures.

The very process of cooking, and even the storage of ready-made meals, raw materials and semi-finished products - at every step, certain physical effects and patterns are found. Combustion of gas, heating with electricity, cooling food and dishes in refrigerators and freezers - again from the field of physics. Therefore, it is necessary for designers of stoves, ovens, freezers. But not only for designers, but also for repairmen and installers. If we take absolutely any device that is mass-produced, then metrologists first of all check it and establish its characteristics.

And these specialists cannot do without knowledge of the objective laws of the real world. Metrologists determine accuracy:

• speedometers;

• echo sounders;

• current meters;

• ATM machines and industrial sewing machines.

Also metrologists:

• set up measuring equipment;

• determine its accuracy according to the established criteria after long-term operation;

• make a conclusion about the possibility of using the technique in the future.

But even in such an advanced and increasingly popular field as drone control, physics is indispensable. Moreover, it is necessary not only to imagine certain patterns of flight. We'll have to think spatially and take into account a lot of parameters that affect the efficiency of the device. The older profession - a driller - again requires an understanding of how the drilling object (earth layers) works in all its details. And - how the equipment will behave.

Many higher educational institutions are engaged in training in technical specialties. But the best of the best teachers in our country are employed - predictably - in the departments of Moscow State University. There are the most attractive branches:

• fundamental mathematics and mechanics;

• applied mathematics and physics;

• physics.

Accordingly, one must enter there after grade 11. And mainly to those who decide to become scientists in the field of natural science. Very good physical and technical training is carried out in:

• MSTU;

• NSTU;

• SPbSU;

• MIPT;

• MEPhI;

• Tomsk Polytechnic University;

• Kazan Federal University;

• ITMO;

• Gubkin University;

• MAI;

• MISIS;

• Far Eastern University;

• MEI;

• SURGU;

• TUSUR;

• Stankine;

• Samara University named after Korolev.

When planning to take exams for the physics department, one should take into account the current requirements of each specific faculty. It is also worth considering that they change almost every year. Therefore, it is important to know the latest information and be guided by the ratings of educational institutions.

As you can easily understand from the previous information, physics-oriented people can work in fairly high-paying positions. They are expected in almost any industry. Engineering and technical specialists are mainly employed in industry and transport. But those who love physics can also choose for themselves:

• construction;

• energy;

• design;

• transport sector;

• expert work;

• employment in the scientific and educational sphere;

• fuel and energy complex.

For career guidance as a physicist, see the video below.