Unicycle: design, varieties, riding styles and selection criteria

The unicycle is an interesting variant of a vehicle that can amaze even experienced bike extremes. Many are interested in the name of a unicycle (unicycle), and whether it exists exclusively in a mechanical version. In fact, the term unicycle is today the officially recognized international name for this transport.

But this does not diminish the number of questions.

How to learn to ride, legalized unicycle as a vehicle? Will a review of electrical models and conventional unicycles help in choosing the right option? How can a unicycle be used in riding where it is used as a sports equipment? Before you get a one-wheeled "iron friend", it is worth understanding the main technical points and types of such bicycles.

The unicycle is a special type of bicycle that has had limited use for a long time. Various tricks were performed on it in the circus - old prototypes of modern models can be seen in museums and private collections. According to one of the most popular versions, unicycles owe their appearance to the "Spider" - a penny-farthing type bicycle with an exaggerated size of the front wheel and a pair of pedals attached to it.

When rolling, its rear part often lifted off the ground, and did not participate in movement. As a result, the person drove and steered on practically one front wheel.

If you pay attention to the monocycles of the XIX century, this theory easily finds its confirmation.In the future, monocycles were produced in various versions - without saddles or with the highest possible fit - the so-called "giraffes". In the 80s of the XX century, unicycle attracted the attention of fans of extreme sports. This is how MUni - mountain unicycling or mountain unicycles.

Motorized unicycle also has a long history. For the first time they began to create in the first half of the XX century, and these versions looked very interesting. For example, there is a known model with a wheel diameter of 2 m, inside which the driver and controls were located. But it was only with the advent of gyroboards and compact electric batteries that the options familiar to the modern rider appeared. Such unicycles today often do not have a steering rack and saddle at all, and they are controlled by changing the position of the knees.

Unicycle - unicycle on which the rider balances. Sometimes this transport is called a monowheel or unicycle, but the essence does not change. The height of the seat in such devices is determined by the type of frame and the diameter of the wheel.

The rider's weight doesn't matter. But for people weighing more than 100 kg, it is better to choose models in mountain performance or for freestyle. They are equipped with reinforced frame structures and are not afraid of loads.

Tire pressure depends on the choice of style and model of the unicycle. For electric unicycles, indicators of 2.3-2.7 atmospheres are considered normal. For classic models, the reference is always tire information - there the minimum and maximum values ​​are indicated with the letters PSI - lb / force per inch squared. If the designation is BAR, the calculation is carried out in atmospheres.

So, if for a person weighing 50 kg there is enough pressure in the MUni wheels of 2.38-2.59 atmospheres, for a rider weighing 105 kg, the norm will already be 3.06-3.27. For road racing, these indicators are always higher, the minimum values ​​vary in the range of 6.5-9 atmospheres.

Bicycles with one wheel - unicycles - have a fairly simple design, consisting of several elements.

1. Wheelsincluding rim, hub, axle, spokes, tube and tire. It has a direct transmission of force from the pedals to the hub.
2. Shatunov.
3. Pedals. They are fixed at the ends of the wheel axle.
4. Frames, having a fork-shaped design. It snaps directly to the bushing bearings.
5. Seatpost. It connects the saddle to the frame.
6. Saddles. Not every monowheel comes with a seat, but most options do. The difference from a conventional bike is the presence of front and rear bumpers.
7. Takeaway. It has some commonality with the handlebars of a conventional bicycle, attaches under the saddle and is directed forward. This arm serves as an additional fulcrum in unicycle designed for long rides. Lanterns and sound signals can be fixed on it.
8. Brakes. Stunt models can do without them. All others default to a custom brake design with a seatpost. In addition, if a stem is available, the classic handbrake can be fitted.

The principle of operation is as simple as possible. The rider pedals while maintaining body balance with the hips and trunk.

The unicycle moves forward or maneuvers in a given direction.

Among the main varieties of unicycles, both sports options used to overcome obstacles or cross-country and walking models can be noted. The electric motorcycle is considered separately - usually it is not equipped with a saddle and frame due to the limited travel distance.

Among the popular models are Airwheel Q3 340WH, optimal for beginners, and a developing speed of up to 18 km / h. Among the top versions, InMotion V8 is considered the leader.

The most simple unicycle models of bicycles, aimed at novice athletes who have not yet decided on a riding style. The main division here takes place according to the diameter of the wheels. From 12 to 16 ″ - children's or circus models, the most compact. Unicycle with a wheel diameter of 20 ″ - training, allowing an adult to learn how to ride. Models on 24 "are close to cruisers, suitable for the development of skills for long-term or stunt riding.

Touring unicycle models are equipped with wheels with diameters from 26 to 29 ″ and are designed to overcome long distances. In fact, this is a unicycle version of a regular road bike, but with more massive tires. Touring class unicycles are convenient for road trips - they are easy to transport in the trunk.

On unicycle of this type, additional components can be installed - overrunning two-speed clutches that allow inertial driving without pedaling, handlebars, traditional disc brakes.

One-wheeled "SUVs" are officially recognized and even have their own international federation with headquarters in the United States. On the pedals of such unicycles there are spikes and additional mounts. Tires and frames can be wider than usual. But the main changes concern the axis - it uses a BMX drive adapted to the unicycle design.

Today, Q-Axes are used here to provide a more secure connection between the bottom bracket and the connecting rod. Mountain bikes with one wheel, supplemented with such an axle, withstand any load without breaking.

All unicycles for these riding styles must be able to withstand the jumps and stresses associated with overcoming obstacles. The size of the wheels in these models is small, 19-20 ″, in order to provide maximum ease of maneuvering. The axle and connecting rods here have a reinforced structure, tires of increased thickness. The trial is aimed at riding short riders or teenagers, such unicycle are not designed for high jumps, and are less speedy. Flatland 1-wheel bikes are not jump bikes, but are designed for figure skating in urban terrain.

Stunt unicycle designed for riding show format. These models feature a 20 ″ wheel diameter and design optimized for indoor riding. There are no elements in them that can damage the flooring or soil tires. A forked crown is often used to set the legs. In general, freestyle monocycles hold the grip better and allow you to perform complex acrobatic stunts.

A minimalistic version of the unicycle, consisting only of a wheel and pedals - no seat and frame. It is quite difficult to master such "transport", most often they are used as a projectile to train the balance of the rider's body. But it is difficult to seriously move on the roads on them.

A type of unicycle equipped with a chain drive. It is taller - the seat is much higher. "Giraffes" with a height of 1-3 m are produced.

Models of monocycles with transmission. Their wheel spins faster than pedals. Provide significant acceleration, such models are used for long distance travel, travel or when participating in races.

Unicycle movement is used in different sports, which are characterized by different riding styles.

Designed for long-distance travel enthusiasts, it implies the use of models with large wheel diameter 29-36 ″. These monocycles reach speeds of over 15 km / h, but require a fairly confident ride from the riders.

Traditional stunt style involving skating on objects in the urban environment. In the process of movement, the rider overcomes handrails, stairs, curbs and other obstacles.

One of the most famous styles, more like a show. Elements of choreography, tricks, links are used, forming a single composition.

A type of freestyle that uses BMX and skateboarding tricks.

Overcoming obstacles on a unicycle, in fact, repeats a regular bike trial.

Off-road riding on special mountain unicycle. The most dynamic style, which involves descending slopes with a steepness of 20-40 degrees. Since the unicycle is more maneuverable, even more difficult routes are subject to it.

Racing style of riding. Implies a set of maximum speed. Arrivals are held on special tracks.

Unicycles are also used successfully in various types of team sports. For example, basketball games are played on them, using equipment with a wheel diameter of 24 ″, and they also play hockey, handball and polo on monocycles. The differences in the rules with the classic versions are mainly related to the peculiarities of the vehicle's movement.

To learn how to ride a unicycle, it is enough to spend a few days, and also to enlist support - at first it will definitely not be superfluous. The easiest thing is for those who already know how to keep balance, without leaning on the steering wheel, on a regular two-wheeled vehicle. It is better to start learning with the simplest.

• Fit and balance. These skills are best practiced indoors or outdoors, but with support. The center of gravity should be transferred to the hips and the gaze should be directed straight. Having caught the balance with support, you need to start trying to do without it. As soon as a beginner rider can hold out in the saddle on his own for more than 1 minute, you can proceed to more complex actions.

• Travel in a straight line. In order for the unicycle to go, you need to make some effort - to tilt the body forward, shifting the center of gravity, and smoothly start pedaling. Deceleration or reduction in speed is achieved by straightening the back or tilting the body back. Experienced riders do not recommend arching while riding - the arched position of the spine can lead to the athlete simply flying out of the saddle. At first, it is imperative to maintain balance and low speed - waving your arms is definitely not worth it.

• Maneuvering and turning. Deprived of the steering wheel, unicycles can be directed in the desired direction by transferring weight to one of the hips. Slight body deflection - and the unicycle will easily ride in the desired direction. First, you should try maneuvering with the maximum radius, just like on a regular bike. Then you can gradually try to reduce it.

• Acceleration. This is the final stage of training, allowing you to develop confidence in driving a vehicle. But here it is also important to remember that the speed limit should allow the rider, if necessary, to jump forward from the saddle without the risk of injury.

Gloves for hands will also not be superfluous - if you fall, you can lean on your palms.

Among the unicycle manufacturing companies there are both leaders and outsiders. Several well-known brands traditionally lead in popularity ratings.

Famous cycling brand from USAspecializing in mountain and extreme equipment. In his performance, off-road unicycle models were produced, which can still be found on sale. But today they are out of production, the company has concentrated its efforts on the production of two-wheeled vehicles.

American company, specializing in the production of tires and wheels for cars, but in its range there are two popular models of unicycle. It is a touring Big and V2 with a 36 ″ wheel and a classic design.

A brand created in 1999 by one of the most renowned cycling professionals. Chris Holm, in his first unicycle, did not avoid the typical mistakes that all beginners go through.

American company originally specialized in the production of BMX bicycles. The brand has been known since the late 70s of the XX century. The lines include giraffes, trial and beginner unicycles, road niners, and children's versions of unicycles.

Japanese brand, in addition to unicycle, also produces two-wheeled bicycles, fire extinguishers, and previously produced Asahi motorcycles. For a long time, the brand's unicycles were practically the only massively available solutions on the market, but today they are valued for their strength and simplicity of design, ergonomic saddle design. Due to the lack of mountain models in the company's assortment, it is in demand mainly among freestylers who appreciate the beauty of skiing. Are no less popular and "Giraffes" of the Flamingo seriesreleased by this Japanese company.

One of the world's leading brands in the unicycle market, targeted at experienced riders. The range includes freestyle and off-road unicycle, road models and giraffes. New high-end models appear in the lines of this particular brand. Besides, the firm supports professional riders from Sweden, England, France.

In order to choose the first unicycle in your life and not be disappointed in it, There are a number of helpful guidelines that can help you solve this difficult task.

1. The diameter of the wheels should initially not exceed 20 ″. The higher this indicator, the more difficult it will be to maintain balance due to the high center of gravity. The normal adult size is 24 ″ and is considered universal. Models with 29-36 "road wheels are suitable for travel, but they are designed for experienced riders.
2. It is better not to choose chain-type unicycle for training. They are more difficult to learn.
3. The riding style will have to be determined in advance. Unicycle is not a universal transport, and its types are quite different from each other.
4. When choosing a package for your first unicycle, it is worth making sure that the brakes are on. This will make you feel more confident.
5. In an electric motorcycle, you should pay attention to the presence of a rack. It is easier for a beginner to manage such models.
6. The length of the legs matters - tall people should choose unicycles with an increased frame size. Then, even with a small 20 ″ wheel, it will be comfortable to learn the basics of riding.
7. Saddles for unicycle, oriented to different riding styles, also have differences. In freestyle, they are plastic. In trick models - narrow. Wide saddles are used in walking models as they are focused on comfort on long trips.

How to choose a unicycle and the first riding lesson can be seen in the next video.