Polyamide: characteristics and types of fabric

Polyamide was invented over 150 years ago in the United States. It has been used in industry since the thirties of the last century. The material has excellent technical characteristics: it is heat-resistant, durable, and does not corrode. Nowadays it is actively used in various sectors of the national economy.

Polyamide is a synthetic material that is produced from petrochemical products. It is made from compounds that contain the amide group CONH. Polyamide resists high temperatures well; it contains a group of amides, which can be duplicated in a large molecule 8–10 times. The material has a high stiffness coefficient, which makes it very durable. The density of the component can vary in the range of 1.0101–1.233 t / m3. Polyamide substances have gained wide popularity, they have excellent resistance to aggressive substances, and can withstand long periods of operation.

Fiberglass material has some of the best performance characteristics according to the following criteria:

• rigidity;
• density;
• resistance to high temperatures.

Polyamide can withstand temperatures up to 145 ° C without losing its performance characteristics. This has become the reason for the active use of the material in industry (pipelines, dynamic nodes); it can usually be found where there is a high temperature. And also polyamide perfectly resists significant mechanical stress. Polyamide 6 (GOST 1-0589-87) is an extremely resistant substance, especially when interacting with aggressive chemical compounds:

• oil;
• machine oil;
• solvents;
• benzene.

The denser material is Polyamide 66, it has higher coefficients of stiffness, density, elasticity. It has increased resistance properties in contact with aggressive chemical compounds: alkalis, engine oil, fats. Even under the influence of hard gamma radiation, the material does not lose its characteristics. Excellent performance characteristics allow the use of Polyamide 66 in the production of various parts:

• shock absorbers of machines;
• bushings;
• bearings;
• wheels.

Polyamide 80/20 is actively used in casting; blanks are made from it. And also elements from this composition can often be found in electrical products. Polyamide 12 is used for the production of pipes for public utilities. The material has exceptional wear resistance. Quite often Polyamide 12 is used in working units of airplanes and helicopters. It does not lose its performance characteristics even when working in an environment with high temperatures (over 60 ° C).

Polyamide 6 / 66-3 is a part of adhesive joints and films. This material is actively used in the production of natural paper. Polyamide 11 is another functional material that has a high moisture absorption coefficient (0.93%) and has an increased service life. The material does not emit toxins in contact with food, it is actively used in industry:

• aviation;
• food;
• automotive.

Unlike other materials, it has a high cost. Polyamide-46 has a unique crystal structure, the melting coefficient of this material is record high: about 300 ° C, therefore it is used in areas where there are high temperature conditions. The disadvantage of Polyamide-46 is that it does not tolerate high humidity.

Advantages of polyamide fiber:

• withstands weight up to 1.6 kg;
• low specific gravity;
• practicality;
• colors do not fade from exposure to ultraviolet radiation;
• possesses water-repellent properties;
• not afraid of high temperatures;
• does not deteriorate from exposure to alkalis and acids;
• it is not harmed by the fungus;
• does not burn, has a high melting point.

Synthetic products of the polyamide group have the following positive qualities:

• strength;
• ease;
• do not crumple;
• easy to wash;
• do not fade or fade;
• provide good air exchange;
• protect from the wind.

Minuses:

• accumulates static electricity;
• has too high thermal conductivity;
• aggressive compounds quickly penetrate into the fiber core;
• some polyamides do not react well with moisture.

There are many types of fabrics woven from polyamide yarns. The code name of the polyamide in the administrative documents of the manufacturers is RA.

Polyamide fabrics differ in composition and have names:

• Capron RA6;
• Nylon PA6.7;
• Polyamide PA12.

Polyamide fabrics are favorably distinguished by the following qualities:

• ease;
• functionality;
• wear resistance;
• high density;
• low price.

Polyamide is often used in the manufacture of other fabrics. For example, it is added to elastane and viscose. On many labels in the description of the composition of T-shirts, trousers, sweaters, you can find the word "polyamide". The addition of polyamide to natural fabrics allows things to dry quickly, be elastic and durable. A thick warm sweater or jacket may contain polyamide additives in its threads.Fabrics can have a very different coefficient of smoothness: polyamide products can be as smooth as silk, they can be rough and have different textures.

Capron is made of Polyamide 6. The material is not affected by alcohols and concentrated alkalis, has increased strength. Nylon fibers are flexible and durable, not affected by ultraviolet rays. Nylon is used in textile production, and many garments are made from this material. It is often used in the furniture industry to create upholstery. Parachutes are made of this lightweight, durable material. The material also successfully replaces sometimes non-ferrous metals, the price of which is extremely high. Light weight and durability allow this material to be used in the production of cars, trams and trolleybuses.

Anide is made from adipic acid, which in turn is made from benzene. In terms of technical indicators, anides are very similar to nylon.

The fabric is produced in three types:

• filament threads;
• monofilament;
• staple threads.

Anid differs in that the melting point of the material is slightly higher (+ 226 ° C). Products can be processed at a temperature of about 145 ° C. In Japan this fiber is labeled Niplon, in America it is called Nylon 66.

Nylon is the first polyamide-based synthetic fabric that appeared in the United States in the early thirties of the last century. Nylon made synthetic fabrics famous. The material became incredibly popular in the fifties of the last century. Women's underwear was inexpensive, wearable, lightweight, durable and pleasant to the touch. Men's shirts and jackets also looked presentable and emphasized the figure favorably. Nylon has become widespread in Russia as well, and is called "synthetics".

The nylon is made from a carbon composition with the addition of alcohol and water. It is marked "6.6". Externally, nylon is similar to silk.

Matter has the following properties:

• does not break, withstanding large mechanical loads;
• does not fade when washed or exposed to ultraviolet radiation;
• does not absorb dust and dirt;
• the fabric does not deform over time;
• dries quickly.

Nowadays, combinations of artificial and natural materials are fashionable. Polyamide fibers are present in men's and women's clothing, their amount usually reaches one third of the composition. Nylon is added to silk and linen, making them more durable and elastic. Women almost immediately adopted this material, they are made of nylon:

• stockings;
• dresses;
• bras;
• blouses.

They learned to reinforce nylon, which made it possible to create practical outerwear. Backpacks and bags are made from Cordura (a type of nylon) with the help of reinforcement. Nylon is used for superior home textiles:

• curtains;
• curtain;
• upholstery.

Their only flaw: they accumulate static electricity, which is a magnet for fine dust. It is recommended to wash nylon at a temperature not exceeding + 32 ° С. Products can withstand a large number of washes. The upholstery is made with the addition of nylon up to 35%, the material is called flock. In addition to nylon, it also contains polyester.

Taslan is denser than nylon, has increased strength, taslan clothes "breathe". The structure of the weaving of fibers is rep using modern impregnations. Material for children's clothing is especially often used:

• jackets;
• sports products;
• tourist equipment.

Down jackets and winter jackets are good from taslan. From the inside, taslan is covered with special impregnations, which provide reliable air exchange, at the same time, the fabric reliably keeps heat. The lightness of taslan breaks all records: 1 m2, weighs only 182 g. Reps interweaving of fibers forms a special scar, which easily distinguishes taslan from other materials. Outerwear is made from taslan nylon material. Its peculiarity lies in the fact that different fibers are used, which have their own markings.

• 186T is a lightweight material made of fine threads.
• 310T is the material of their rather thick threads. A coat is made of it. The threads can be intertwined in parallel and form squares. If there is an inscription Rip-Stop or R / S on the label, it means that there are additives in the fabric - additional fibers.

Taslan is also differentiated by fabric impregnation.

• Milky is a special whitish layer that is applied to the inside. The task of the coating is to keep the insulation inside the product and protect it from high humidity. The impregnation can be completely transparent.
• PU stands for the polyurethane layer. The material feels like leather. The PU 3100 mark indicates that the fabric has increased water resistance.
• WR - this marking indicates the presence of a layer that makes moisture droplets roll off the material without penetrating inside.

Jordan (Jordan, Jonardan) - innovative fabric of the XXI century, which shimmers under the influence of light. Micro-weaves of synthetic fibers are covered with a special layer of polyurethane, which adds strength. The fabric is lightweight and has excellent waterproof properties. The fabric effectively protects against moisture and at the same time provides reliable air exchange. The Jordan PU Milky WR is especially popular. Such material has a well-painted surface with an anti-pilling texture. PU and BO impregnations give the material additional functionality. Jordan's weight is 222 g / m2. The fabric does not allow even a very strong cold wind to pass through, so it is used to make:

• tents;
• overalls;
• jackets;
• sports suits for climbers.

Her advantages:

• soft and lightweight;
• protects well;
• serves for a long time;
• pleasant to the touch;
• dries quickly.

WellSoft is another synthetic fabric that has become widespread. The second name of the material is torn terry. The material has a pile located on both sides of the fabric, it is based on polyester. The fabric is created from ultra-fine fibers 0.07 mm thick (100 times thinner than a hair). One thread contains up to 24 fibers. Due to this unique structure, the fabric has a high strength factor and low weight. The fabric is treated with special chemicals to give it strength and softness. Wellsoft is very functional:

• dries quickly;
• does not allow cold air to pass through;
• practically does not wrinkle.

There are several varieties, the fabric differs according to the criteria:

• the presence of a drawing;
• coloration;
• the structure of the threads.

Wellsoft can be called one of the best terry fabrics, perfect for sewing a variety of clothes. The disadvantage of the material is that it does not have a very good air exchange. Blankets, dressing gowns, children's suits from Velsoft are especially good. The pile of the fabric is resistant to temperatures and changes in humidity levels. Over time, the pile does not wipe off, it retains its length. It is not necessary to iron this fabric. It does not shed.

Taktel has a complex double structure and has a lot of positive qualities. Excellent air permeability (one of the best materials for this indicator). Taktel is actively used in light industry, in particular, in the production of stockings and socks. Taktel was invented by the largest chemical corporation DuPont (USA) in 1983.Translated from Latin as "touch".

The fabric is made of a special artificial fiber based on Polyamide-6.6. The fibers are distinguished by their extraordinary fineness: only 7.9 microns, one thread can contain fifty such fibers. The amount of fibers is directly proportional to the softness and strength of the fabric. Thicker threads are on the inside of the fabric, thinner threads are on the outside. Nowadays, there are several dozen fabrics under the Tactel® brand. Mainly, outerwear and clothing are made of fabric.

The fabric can be:

• matte;
• sparkling;
• textured;
• iridescent.

Tactel-micro is used in knitwear production. Tactel® — textural is composed of heavy, thick threads, the fabric is dense and elastic at the same time. Ideal for sewing sportswear. Tactel® Diablo refracts light rays, making the material glow and sparkle. Typically, Diablo is used to make lingerie. Tactel-aquator has two layers. The first one consists of polyamide, the second layer is cotton. In high humidity, synthetic fabric removes excess moisture. Tactel-aquator is especially often used in sportswear. Tactel Strata has different thread thicknesses, they are dyed in different half-tones, which gives the thing an iridescent color. Often, "Taktel" is added to various fabrics:

• wool;
• cotton;
• mohair.

It is important to note that polyamides are not subject to deformation and do not change their performance characteristics during the entire service life, therefore, the material from them has found the widest application in many industries, as well as in construction. Most often, polyamides can be found. Artificial materials are made from polyamides:

• nylon;
• nylon;
• carpet.

Many everyday items are made from polyamide:

• stockings and socks;
• tights;
• artificial fur;
• items of children's clothing.

Using this material, they are made:

• technical fabrics;
• ropes;
• technical footwear;
• conveyor belts.

This material does not come into contact with food, therefore, in the food industry, polyamide is actively used to create:

• food containers;
• containers for liquids;
• containers for packing cheese and dairy products.

In medicine, it can be found in such products:

• implants;
• prostheses;
• surgical threads.

Synthetic fabrics are both hand and machine washable. The optimum temperature is not higher than 42 ° C. It is also possible to iron synthetic items only if the temperature of the iron does not exceed 95 °.

For information on how synthetic thread is made, see the next video.